Jack Hunter
Department of Archaeology and Anthropology, University of Bristol
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Since its earliest incarnation in the nineteenth century, anthropology
has expressly concerned itself with attempting to understand the supernatural
and religious beliefs of human beings around the world. Edward Burnett
Tylor, the first professor of anthropology at Oxford University, argued
that religion could best be understood through an examination of the
supernatural beliefs of “primitive” cultures, because
in beliefs about spirits and supernatural powers could be found the
seeds of the great world religions. These beliefs, Tylor thought,
could be explained by assuming that so-called “savages”
were irrational and, as a consequence, unable to make accurate inferences
about their experiences of the world around them. He suggested, for
example, that primitive man had great difficulty distinguishing real
death from sleep and trance states, and so, from observations of such
phenomena, erroneously posited the existence of a personal life-force,
or spirit, that was able to both enter and leave the physical body
under certain conditions.
Progressing from the inference that human beings possessed an immaterial
spirit, Tylor argued that it was not a huge leap to believing that
other entities, such as animals, plants and rocks, also possessed
spirits/souls, and thus the supernatural realm was born.
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Fonte: Hunter, J. (2012). "Anthropology
& the Supernatural: From Spirits to Consciousness." Edgescience,
No. 10, March 2012, pp. 14-17.
- https://www.academia.edu/2233163/Anthropology_and_The_Supernatural_From_Spirits_to_Consciousness
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Anthropology & the Supernatural: From Spirits to Consciousness
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Beyond Castaneda: A Brief History of Psychedelics in Anthropology
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"Between Realness and Unrealness": Anthropology, Parapsychology and
the Ontology of Non-Ordinary Realities
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Can Science See Spirits?
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Contemporary Physical Mediumship: Is it Part of a Continuous Tradition?
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Definitions, Origins, Functions and Experiences: Trends in the Anthropology
of the Supernatural from Tylor to Turner
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Music and Altered States of Consciousness in Shamanism and Spirit Possession:
An Overview of the Literature
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Numinous Conversations: Performance and the Manifestation of Spirits in Spirit
Possession Practices
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"Spirits are the Problem": Anthropology and Conceptualising Spiritual
Beings
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Talking With the Spirits: Anthropology and Interpreting Spirit Communicator
Leiam de Jack Hunter; Joey M. Caswell, Lucas W.E. Tessaro :
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Phenomenological Convergence between Major Paradigms of Classic Parapsychology
and Cross-Cultural Practices: An Exploration of Paranthropology
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